“Early detection and early treatment” is the most important principle in preventing colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer often develops silently in its early stages, with few or no symptoms. However, through regular and appropriate screening, precancerous lesions or early-stage cancer can be detected and treated promptly, significantly reducing mortality.

Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Average-Risk Population

• Adults aged 45–74 years:
  Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) once every 2 years

Individuals with Family History or High-Risk Factors

• Adults aged 40–44 years with a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) diagnosed with colorectal cancer:
  FIT once every 2 years
• Individuals with one first-degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer:
  Screening should begin at age 40, or 10 years earlier than the age at diagnosis of the affected relative, whichever comes first.
  Screening modality (FIT or colonoscopy) and interval should be determined by a physician.
• Individuals with two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with colorectal cancer, or relatives diagnosed at a young age (<50 years):
  Regular colonoscopic surveillance is recommended, with screening intervals determined by a specialist.
• Individuals suspected of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, such as
  Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) or
  Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (Lynch syndrome):
  Genetic counseling and an individualized surveillance program including colonoscopy (and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy when indicated) are recommended.

National Free Colorectal Cancer Screening Program (Taiwan)

According to the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, the national colorectal cancer screening program was expanded effective January 1, 2025.

Eligible populations:

• Adults aged 45–74 years
• Adults aged 40–44 years with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer

Screening method:

• Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) once every 2 years, provided free of charge

➡ Individuals with a positive FIT result should undergo colonoscopy as soon as possible for definitive diagnosis and removal of precancerous lesions when appropriate.

Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations

• Reduce intake of red meat and animal fats; increase consumption of dietary fiber such as whole grains, brown rice, vegetables, and fruits.
• Maintain regular bowel habits and avoid chronic constipation.
• Quit smoking, engage in regular physical activity, and maintain a healthy body weight.

Studies have shown that individuals with obesity or central adiposity have approximately twice the risk of developing colorectal cancer compared with individuals of normal body weight.
Regular physical activity is associated with a 40–50% reduction in colorectal cancer risk.

Important Reminder

Colorectal cancer is a preventable and highly treatable disease when detected early.
A simple, non-invasive fecal occult blood test can identify early-stage disease even in asymptomatic individuals.
Eligible individuals are strongly encouraged to participate in regular screening and to undergo appropriate follow-up examinations if abnormal results are detected, in order to improve survival and quality of life.